綜述
噴墨墨水的色素是在溶液中呈膠態(tài)分布的。色素的一定分散對(duì)避免沉降、不穩(wěn)定或結(jié)塊引起的噴墨失敗都是很有必要的。為了確保*配比并生產(chǎn),我們需要一個(gè)可靠的方法來確定終產(chǎn)品的粒度分布。PSS的AccuSizer系統(tǒng)——單顆粒計(jì)數(shù)原理(SPOS)是一個(gè)理想的工具,它可以測(cè)出噴墨墨水是否包含任何可能構(gòu)成阻塞噴射器、導(dǎo)致性能降低等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的粒子。本應(yīng)用闡述了AccuSizer在解決噴墨墨水制造業(yè)方面問題的一些例子。
引言
The pigments formulated into inkjet inks are typically dispersed to small particle sizes (between about 50 and 200 nm, depending on the application) and need to be made colloidally stable. The colloidal stability can be achieved either by surface modification to form an adequate surface charge (zeta potential), or by adsorption of certain compounds on the surface of pigment particles (steric stabilization).
將色素按配方加入到墨水中通常要分散成小顆粒形式(大約在50到200nm之間,根據(jù)應(yīng)用不同而變化)并且需要呈膠態(tài)穩(wěn)定。這種膠體穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)可以通過修飾表面形成適當(dāng)?shù)谋砻骐姾桑╖eta電位)來實(shí)現(xiàn),也可以通過色素顆粒表面吸附一定量的化合物(空間穩(wěn)定性)實(shí)現(xiàn)。
The size of the pigment particles is critical because large particles may plug the jets and channels, causing damage to the print head. Controlling the large particle content (> 0.5-1.0 μm) requires having a technique that is sensitive to a small number of large particles—the tail of the distribution.
色素顆粒的大小非常重要,因?yàn)榇箢w粒會(huì)阻塞噴射器和通道,對(duì)印刷頭造成損害。對(duì)大顆粒 (> 0.5-1.0 μm) 含量的控制就需要一個(gè)對(duì)極少量大顆粒敏感的方法——尾部大顆粒的分布
Particle Sizing and Counting Techniques
顆粒大小和計(jì)數(shù)方法
There are several methods for determining the mean particle size of ink dispersions such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), but most are not capable of determining small amounts of oversized material. Methods that are based on sizing and counting individual particles are particularly well-suited for this type of analysis, where even small amounts of outliers are sized and counted in the process.
有很多方法可以測(cè)定油墨分散體的平均粒度,比如光散射法(DLS),但是這里的大多數(shù)方法并不能測(cè)定出少數(shù)的大顆粒。而基于單顆粒計(jì)數(shù)的方法就特別適合這類分析,測(cè)試中甚至可以測(cè)出極少量異常值的大小和數(shù)量。
The AccuSizer single particle optical sizing (SPOS) system is ideal for quantifying the size and concentration of large particle tails present in inkjet inks. Depending on the sensors incorporated the system can cover a
dynamic range of 0.15400 μm. The system shown in Figure 1 includes the standard LE400 light extinction and scattering sensor that measures from 0.5400μm mounted in the AD sampler that provides automated dilution of the sample to the optimum concentration for the measurement.
AccuSizer的單顆粒計(jì)數(shù)技術(shù)(SPOS)可以很好地對(duì)油墨中大顆粒定量大小和濃度,具體取決于傳感器的檢測(cè)范圍。系統(tǒng)如圖1所示,包括標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的LE400消光和散射傳感器——可以測(cè)定加入到可自動(dòng)稀釋樣液的AD采樣器的0.5-400μm之間的顆粒,也可以測(cè)定試驗(yàn)的*濃度。
圖1:AccuSizer 780 AD
Application Example 1: Effect of Stirring
應(yīng)用實(shí)例1:攪拌的作用
There are many factors that can impact pigment dispersion one of which is stirring time. It is necessary to determine an optimal stirring time to reduce the number of oversized particles within a dispersion. It is also important to monitor stirring time since over homogenization can lead to increased particle size.
有很多因素會(huì)影響色素的分散,其中之一就是攪拌時(shí)間,因此,很有必要設(shè)定一個(gè)*攪拌時(shí)間以減少分散系中的超大顆粒。同時(shí)對(duì)攪拌時(shí)間的控制也很重要,因?yàn)檫^度均質(zhì)會(huì)導(dǎo)致粒度增大。
Two pigment dispersions, magenta and cyan, were analyzed to monitor the effects of stirring time on oversized particles. The figures 2 and 3 show the results for the magenta sample that was stirred for 50, 70 and 90 minutes. The tail particles decreased from 4 x 106 particles/mL to 2 x 105 particles/mL.
我們用兩種色素分散液樣品—紅色和藍(lán)色溶液,來研究攪拌時(shí)間對(duì)超大顆粒的影響。圖2和3顯示了紅樣液分別攪拌50、70和90min的結(jié)果。尾部顆粒從4 x 106 particles/mL減少到了2 x 105 particles/mL。
Figure 2: Effect of stirring on magenta sample
圖2:攪拌對(duì)紅色溶液的影響
Figure 3: Expanded view of magenta sample
圖3:品紅溶液結(jié)果的放大圖
Concentration of large particles > 1 μm:
大于>1μm顆粒的濃度:
50 min: 4 x 106 particles/mL
70 min: 5 x 105 particles/mL
90 min: 2 x 105 particles/mL
The cyan sample shown in Figure 4 also undergoes a decrease in the number of oversized particles with stirring time. The concentration of particles decreases from 9 million particles/mL to approximay 3 million particles/ mL with just 10 additional minutes of stirring.
圖4所示的藍(lán)色溶液,同樣存在隨著攪拌時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)而超大顆粒減少的現(xiàn)象。多攪拌了10min,顆粒濃度就由9 x 106 particles/mL減少到大約3x 106 particles/mL。
Figure 4: Effect of stirring on cyan sample
圖4:攪拌對(duì)藍(lán)色溶液的影響
應(yīng)用實(shí)例2:過濾的作用
這個(gè)例子顯示了過濾前后試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果,試驗(yàn)中將噴墨用2微米和5微米的過濾器進(jìn)行過濾,如圖5. 兩種過濾器都顯示可以大大提高對(duì)大于1微米顆粒的過濾作用。未經(jīng)過濾的樣品中大于1微米的顆粒濃度大于100,000 個(gè)/mL,而經(jīng)過5微米、2微米過濾器過濾的樣品分別大約為70,000和20,000 個(gè)/mL。
圖5:噴墨過濾的作用
結(jié)論
AccuSizer 780 在量化油墨中大粒子粒度和濃度方面是很理想的系統(tǒng)。本文研究了攪拌和過濾的作用,然而,該系統(tǒng)還可以作為一般的質(zhì)量控制工具,以及研究*工藝條件的工藝研發(fā)工具。我們還可以根據(jù)應(yīng)用、需求的不同從多種傳感器和配置中選擇。